Camera Sensors and Processors Explained

Camera brands rarely publish exact sensor chip details. Still, enough data exists from testing, teardowns, and official specs to understand what sits inside modern cameras.

This guide covers modern cameras, their sensor names, and their image processors, including full frame, APS-C, and Micro Four Thirds models.

Why sensor and processor both matter

The sensor captures light. The processor turns that data into an image. Two cameras can share a sensor but produce different results due to autofocus logic, noise handling, video encoding, and color science. Megapixels alone do not tell the full story.

Full frame cameras

Sony

CameraSensorSensor SizeResolutionProcessorNotes
Sony A1 IIExmor RS stacked CMOSFull frame50.1 MPBIONZ XR + AI unitSony flagship
Sony A9 IIIExmor RS global shutter CMOSFull frame24.6 MPBIONZ XRGlobal shutter
Sony A7 VBSI partially stacked CMOSFull frame33 MPBIONZ XRNew sensor gen

Nikon

CameraSensorSensor SizeResolutionProcessorNotes
Nikon Z9Sony IMX609AQJ stacked CMOSFull frame45.7 MPEXPEED 7Shared with Z8
Nikon Z8Sony IMX609AQJ stacked CMOSFull frame45.7 MPEXPEED 7Same hardware
Nikon Z6 IIIPartially stacked CMOSFull frame24.5 MPEXPEED 7Faster readout

Canon

CameraSensorSensor SizeResolutionProcessorNotes
Canon EOS R1Stacked BSI CMOSFull frame24.2 MPDIGIC X + DIGIC AcceleratorCanon flagship
Canon EOS R6 Mark IIICMOSFull frame32.5 MPDIGIC XPro hybrid

Panasonic

CameraSensorSensor SizeResolutionProcessorNotes
Lumix S1 IIBSI CMOSFull frame24 MPVenus EngineLikely Sony made
Lumix S1R IIBSI CMOSFull frame44 MPVenus Engine L²High resolution

APS-C cameras

CameraSensorSensor SizeResolutionProcessorNotes
Fujifilm X-T5X-Trans CMOS 5 HRAPS-C40.2 MPX Processor 5Fuji custom CFA
Fujifilm X-H2X-Trans CMOS 5 HRAPS-C40.2 MPX Processor 5Same sensor as X-T5
Fujifilm X-H2SX-Trans CMOS 5 HS stackedAPS-C26.1 MPX Processor 5Stacked sensor
Sony A6700Exmor R BSI CMOSAPS-C26 MPBIONZ XRSony APS-C flagship
Canon EOS R7CMOSAPS-C32.5 MPDIGIC XCanon in-house
Nikon Z50 IICMOSAPS-C20.9 MPEXPEED 7Entry APS-C

Micro Four Thirds cameras

CameraSensorSensor SizeResolutionProcessorNotes
Panasonic G9 IIBSI CMOSMicro Four Thirds25.2 MPVenus EngineNew MFT sensor
OM-1 Mark IIStacked BSI CMOSMicro Four Thirds20.4 MPTruePic XStacked design
OM-1Stacked BSI CMOSMicro Four Thirds20.4 MPTruePic XSame sensor family
Panasonic GH6CMOSMicro Four Thirds25.2 MPVenus EngineVideo focused

Cameras that truly share sensors

Some cameras share the same silicon:

  • Nikon Z9 and Z8
  • Fujifilm X-T5 and X-H2
  • OM-1 and OM-1 Mark II

Most newer flagships now use custom or exclusive sensors.

Sensor names vs real chip models

Names like Exmor RS, Dual Pixel CMOS, and X-Trans CMOS describe technology, not exact chip models. Sony internal codes such as IMX609AQJ come closer to real identification, but even these are often customized per brand.

Key takeaways

  • Same megapixels does not mean same sensor
  • Processor choice shapes autofocus, video, and noise
  • Shared sensors are less common in newer cameras
  • Readout speed matters more than resolution